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Small introduction in order to frame the problem That the Sardinia has had a fundamental role in the chessboards international in the post-war period never has not been a secret.
The Island in fact was considered from the Pentagon, since far away opens them 1954, “to pivotal geographic location”. That is, the heart, the critical point, of the political-military system, created from the Atlantic Alliance in the European scene.
More: the agreement of mutual engagement, signed 26 November 1956 between the Sifar (then the intelligence agency military Italian) and the Cia was based “from American part, on the presupposed one that the plans of Italian the Defense General Staff previewed the performance of all the efforts in order to maintain the island of Sardinia”. The great interest of Washington for the Island is confirmed from a famous one of the Cia of 7 October 1957, in which law: “The Sardinia is considered in the plans of war of the USA”.
In order to comprise to bottom the particular attention for the Sardinia from part of the Americans and our General Staff, there is then the understood one it of Stay-behind. The Island has been in fact the heart of the secret army of Gladio, the clandestine structure, created in order to face an eventual invasion of the troops of the Warsaw Pact, but also in order to fight one not orthodox war against the communist increase in our Country.
More: the Sardinia was considered much precious one on the plan strategic, that it had been prepared from the NATO a complex military plan, in order to prevent that the Island ended in the hands of the Red Army. Cioé it would have become the more advanced outpost of the West in the Mediterranean quadrant. The United States confirmed their interest for the Sardinia, creating the base of support for nuclear submarines in the island of Santo Stefano, in the archipelago of the Maddalena. In 1972, based on an agreement siglato from then the Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti, on a border of Sardinia it waved the flag to stars and strisce. And Santo Stefano became therefore the base of the submarines to propulsion nuclear “hunter killer”, of the class Los Angeles: immense squali of steel, that they carry in theirs ventre the deadly missiles Slcm Tomahawk, armed with atomic heads.
In 1986 a furious controversy set afire the political climate: the treaty of 1972 had not been ratified from the Parliament, like instead imposes the Constitution. Then the minister of the Defense Giovanni Spadolini, supported the choice of Andreotti, arriving to deny the evidence. Heavy caliber of national politics, as Mario Segni and Christian Democrat) Beppe Pisanu puts into effect it them forzista minister then (, came down in field, defending one political position of fidelity to the North Atlantic Treaty. Although they could not refute that our fundamental norm - the Constitution exactly - had been painfully wound, mobilitarono for mantere the segretezza of that agreement with Washington. Insomma, prevailed the ragion of State: logic of the international alliances was asserted on the social contract and political, from which republican Italy is been born.
But behind this political crash, sure exasperated from the ideological contrasts, emerged also the most delicate problem. A problem that must be the point of departure of the new reflection to start on the invading relationship with presence of the soldiers. One discovered in fact, that then the minister of the civil Protection, Zamberletti, was impotent in front of infausta the possibility that an incident could provoke a radioactive pollution in the archipelago of the Maddalena.
“The emergency plan exists - declared imbarazzato Zamberletti -, but I cannot any speak because it is covered from the secret”. Like saying: the plan is, but having to remain closed in a drawer, not servants just to null. Saying in soldoni: how would have to be involved the civil population, in the event took place one loss of radioactivity from the American nuclear submarines “hunter killer”? A question that is always remained without answer. And that to say of the sad one commedia of the monitoring it acclimatizes them? In order to from birth answer to the created alarm of some children affections from cranioschisi, it came instituted a monitoring system acclimatizes them, that it would have had to signal eventual anomalies in the level of radioactivity in the sea of the archipelago. The competence of this control came entrusted to the Province of Sassari. But professor the Parodo, teaching then university of physics and in charge of the control service, had soon to be surrendered: the Americans, in fact, have not never allowed that the posizionata telephone exchange just close to the ship-workshop was activated, to which the atomic submarines were leaned.
The Interforces polygon Jump of Saint Quirra-Head Lorenzo (NAPE) Polygon missile on hand experiences them and of training of the three Armed Forces managed from the Aeronautics and put of the NATO.
E' used also after the experimentation and test of torpedo and explosive material from war.
E' the immensest polygon of Italy and Europe. One extends for 11,600 hectares in the entroterra and 1,100 hectares long wrap it coastal (Saint Lorenzo) and represent nearly the totality of the military Federal property scattered in all the peninsula. The dangerous zones interdette or for navigation, annexed to the military base, follow nearly a straight line that goes from Siniscola to Castiadas, exceed territorial waters and they extend in international waters engaging beyond 2.800.000 hectares, a surface that exceeds that one of entire Sardinia (kmq 23,821).
To the militarization of the drawn exterminated one of sea the militarization of the aerial space corresponds. From nearly half century one of the military areas is considered more important of the Country. And not only because in this sour and tormented territory crews of all the types have experienced themselves. Crews of our army, but also you arm with ally nations and, some time, even with nations that, at least second official politics of our governments, were from considering themselves enemy. Like the Libia. And here the industry of the crews from decades head its giocattoli of dead women. The “polygon experiences them of interforces training of the Quirra jump” rises in the part south orients them of the Sardinia, in a region it finds horse of the provinces of Cagliari and Nuoro.
E' suddiviso in due grandi e complessi sottoinsiemi: un
«poligono a terra» con sede a Perdasdefogu e «un poligono a mare», con sede a Capo San
Lorenzo. Il primo occupa una superficie di circa 12 mila ettari e si estende su tutta
quella zona del Salto di Quirra che, partendo dai confini sud-orientali dell'abitato
di Perdasdefogu, arriva quasi ai margini della baia di Capo San Lorenzo. Il secondo
occupa invece una superficie di 2000 ettari e si estende per quasi 50 chilometri lungo
il tratto orientale della costa compreso tra Capo Bella Vista a nord (Arbatax) e Capo
San Lorenzo a sud (Villaputzu). La storia del poligono comincia nella seconda metà
degli anni '50, quando i vertici dell'aeronautica militare italiana avvertirono la
necessità di disporre di un poligono di tiro per la sperimentazione di nuove armi.
Soprattutto quelle missilistiche. Lo stato maggiore dell'Aeronautica, con la disposizione
emanata sul foglio d'ordini numero 24 del 20 agosto 1956, costituì il «Poligono di
armamento aeronautico del Salto di Quirra», che veniva posto alle dipendenze della
direzione generale delle armi e munizioni e del comando aeronautica della Sardegna
che ne curavano rispettivamente «l'impiego e le questioni territoriali, di presidio,
logistiche, amministrative contabili e disciplinari». Il poligono nacque essenzialmente
per scopi scientifici. E più precisamente, per le ricerche metereologiche spaziali,
sperimentali e per l'esecuzione di prove in volo di vari prototipi di missili
aerobersagli e addestrativi. Dopo l'atto formale di costituzione, vennero avviati i
lavori per realizzare le prime strutture operative della base di Perdasdefogu.
Il 25 ottobre del 1956 l'inizio delle attività, con una serie di lanci di missili «Contraves»,
che si concluse 2 giorni dopo. Successivamente, lo stato maggiore della difesa il
1º luglio del 1959 decise di rendere il poligono di armamento «scientifico aeronautico»
interforze e assunse l'attuale denominazione. Con dispaccio del 28 agosto 1962 lo stato
maggiore aeronautico istituì, dopo aver incorporato la baia esistente tra Capo San Lorenzo
e Torre Murtas, il distaccamento del poligono del Salto di Quirra con sede a Capo San
Lorenzo. Dopo lo scioglimento del consiglio tecnico scientifico della difesa, fine giugno
1980, il poligono passò alle dirette dipendenze dello stato maggiore dell'Aeronautica.
Il poligono è utilizzato, oltre che da Aeronautiche, Eserciti e Marine Nato, anche
da ditte private costruttrici di sistemi d'arma. Funziona come grande fiera
mercato dove industrie private effettuano prove, sperimentano e collaudano missili,
razzi, armamenti e materiali da guerra e conducono organismi militari stranieri, i
potenziali clienti, per le dimostrazioni promozionali delle armi prima degli acquisti.
Nel primo semestre del '98 è stato impegnato dalla Fiat e dall'Alenia per
complessive 244 giornate su 181 (più ditte private affittano spesso negli stessi giorni
lotti diversi dello sterminato poligono). Nel prezzo, circa 60-80 milioni al giorno, è
incluso il diritto d'uso del mare sardo come bersaglio e discarica di missili e razzi di
vecchia e nuova generazione.
Link per approfondire:
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