Indymedia e' un collettivo di organizzazioni, centri sociali, radio, media, giornalisti, videomaker che offre una copertura degli eventi italiani indipendente dall'informazione istituzionale e commerciale e dalle organizzazioni politiche.
toolbar di navigazione
toolbar di navigazione home | chi siamo · contatti · aiuto · partecipa | pubblica | agenda · forum · newswire · archivi | cerca · traduzioni · xml | toolbar di navigazione toolbarr di navigazione toolbarr di navigazione toolbar di navigazione
Campagne

inchiostroG8


IMC Italia
Ultime features in categoria
[biowar] La sindrome di Quirra
[sardegna] Ripensare Indymedia
[lombardia] AgainstTheirPeace
[lombardia] ((( i )))
[lombardia] Sentenza 11 Marzo
[calabria] Processo al Sud Ribelle
[guerreglobali] Raid israeliani su Gaza
[guerreglobali] Barricate e morte a Oaxaca
[roma] Superwalter
[napoli] repressione a Benevento
[piemunt] Rbo cambia sede
[economie] il sangue di roma
Archivio completo delle feature »
toolbarr di navigazione
IMC Locali
Abruzzo
Bologna
Calabria
Genova
Lombardia
Napoli
Nordest
Puglia
Roma
Sardegna
Sicilia
Piemonte
Toscana
Umbria
toolbar di navigazione
Categorie
Antifa
Antimafie
Antipro
Culture
Carcere
Dicono di noi
Diritti digitali
Ecologie
Economie/Lavoro
Guerre globali
Mediascape
Migranti/Cittadinanza
Repressione/Controllo
Saperi/Filosofie
Sex & Gender
Psiche
toolbar di navigazione
Dossier
Sicurezza e privacy in rete
Euskadi: le liberta' negate
Antenna Sicilia: di chi e' l'informazione
Diritti Umani in Pakistan
CPT - Storie di un lager
Antifa - destra romana
Scarceranda
Tecniche di disinformazione
Palestina
Argentina
Karachaganak
La sindrome di Quirra
toolbar di navigazione
Autoproduzioni

Video
Radio
Print
Strumenti

Network

www.indymedia.org

Projects
oceania
print
radio
satellite tv
video

Africa
ambazonia
canarias
estrecho / madiaq
nigeria
south africa

Canada
alberta
hamilton
maritimes
montreal
ontario
ottawa
quebec
thunder bay
vancouver
victoria
windsor
winnipeg

East Asia
japan
manila
qc

Europe
andorra
antwerp
athens
austria
barcelona
belgium
belgrade
bristol
croatia
cyprus
estrecho / madiaq
euskal herria
galiza
germany
hungary
ireland
istanbul
italy
la plana
liege
lille
madrid
nantes
netherlands
nice
norway
oost-vlaanderen
paris
poland
portugal
prague
russia
sweden
switzerland
thessaloniki
united kingdom
west vlaanderen

Latin America
argentina
bolivia
brasil
chiapas
chile
colombia
ecuador
mexico
peru
puerto rico
qollasuyu
rosario
sonora
tijuana
uruguay

Oceania
adelaide
aotearoa
brisbane
jakarta
manila
melbourne
perth
qc
sydney

South Asia
india
mumbai

United States
arizona
arkansas
atlanta
austin
baltimore
boston
buffalo
charlottesville
chicago
cleveland
colorado
danbury, ct
dc
hawaii
houston
idaho
ithaca
la
madison
maine
michigan
milwaukee
minneapolis/st. paul
new hampshire
new jersey
new mexico
new orleans
north carolina
north texas
ny capital
nyc
oklahoma
philadelphia
pittsburgh
portland
richmond
rochester
rogue valley
san diego
san francisco
san francisco bay area
santa cruz, ca
seattle
st louis
tallahassee-red hills
tennessee
urbana-champaign
utah
vermont
western mass

West Asia
beirut
israel
palestine

Process
discussion
fbi/legal updates
indymedia faq
mailing lists
process & imc docs
tech
volunteer

Vedi tutti gli articoli senza commenti
Bugie sull'oppresione degli sciiti
by Muhammad al-Baghdadi Tuesday, Mar. 29, 2005 at 9:07 PM mail:

... When we used to discuss the evaluation of an official as a candidate for a high-ranking post in the Iraqi government, it didn’t occur to anyone to ask about what religion he belonged to or what sect he was a member of, as is claimed by the nonsensical ideas being spread in accordance with the occupation’s psychological warfare plans. ... The main adviser to President Saddam Hussein for Baath Party affairs was Muhsin Radi Salman, a Shi‘i. ...

Lies about the “oppression of the Shi‘ah” and others
Muhammad al-Baghdadi, Translated by Muhammad Abu Nasr - http://www.albasrah.net

http://www.albasrah.net

March 28, 2005

We have heard a lot about how the Shi‘ah were supposedly oppressed in the time when the Arab Socialist Baath Party ruled Iraq. We’ve heard about how they were supposedly not treated equally with other Iraqis.

In fact, however, these are nothing but lies fabricated as part of a psychological warfare propaganda campaign aimed at Iraqi citizens – a campaign waged by the US military and its experts in psychological warfare in order to pave the way for their occupation of Iraq.

We don’t plan to delve into the details or goals of that sinister campaign here. Instead we hope to briefly respond to some of the claims they make.

I’ll begin with myself. I come from a Shi‘i background, which is to say that my father is a scion of a Shi‘i family. Yet I worked as a government employee in the Iraqi state, close to the policy makers, and in fact I participated in the making of policy in the areas of the economy and administration of the state. But no one ever asked me what sect I belong to or what my religion is. Furthermore, I have never heard of anyone asking such questions or of any discrimination among the people in whose proximity I worked and who had responsibilities and functions both above and below me. I might point out that some of my coworkers took on ministerial level posts and high-ranking military commands, but never once did I hear any questions raised about anyone’s religious affiliation. When we used to discuss the evaluation of an official as a candidate for a high-ranking post in the Iraqi government, it didn’t occur to anyone to ask about what religion he belonged to or what sect he was a member of, as is claimed by the nonsensical ideas being spread in accordance with the occupation’s psychological warfare plans.

Such lies on the part of the invaders and their stooges, whereby they try to hoodwink people in order to split up the unity of Iraq, have prompted me today to set out the facts about the nature of the cadres of the Iraqi state and their backgrounds in order to refute those mendacious claims. My aim is not in any way to deepen sectarian differences or bring them into higher relief, nor am I just trying to defend a political regime, as those who are trying to distort reality might have people believe. My only purpose is to set forth the facts and bring out the truth. To that end, I must set out the following facts, and they are just a few of many, many more that could be cited.


The first Shi‘i to be appointed minister of defense in Iraq – Staff General Sa‘di Tu‘mah al-Jabburi – was named to that post in the time of the rule of the Baath Party.


The first Shi‘i to be appointed chief of staff of the Iraqi Army – Lieutenant General ‘Abd al-Wahid Shannan Al Ribat – was named to that post in the time of the rule of the Baath.


The person who held the post of Iraqi Foreign Minister the longest was Shi‘i and that took place in the time the Baath ruled the country. Dr. Sa‘dun Hammadi had that honor. Then the post was held throughout the 1990s by Muhammad Sa‘id as-Sahhaf, and he was also Shi‘i.


The person who held the post of Minister of Petroleum in the Baathi period was Shi‘i – Dr. Sa‘dun Hammadi.


The first time in the history of Iraq that Shi‘i individuals held the post of Minister of Petroleum in succession was during the rule of the Baath. They were: Dr. Sa‘dun Hammadi, Qasim Ahmad Taqi, ‘Isam al-Chelebi (the cousin of Ahmad Chelebi). Thus, in fact Shi‘ah occupied the post of Minister of Petroleum more than any other group in the history of Iraq and of the Baath.


The longest period during which Shi‘ah held the post of Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq was in the period of Baath rule, the individual governors being Dr. ‘Abd al-Hasan Zalzalah and Tariq at-Takmah Ji. This had never happened in any earlier era in the country.


It was under the Baath that for the first time in the history of the Iraqi state, a Shi‘i person held the post of Director of Public Security in Iraq. That individual was Nazim Kazzar. His assistant in that post was ‘Ali Rida Bawah, who was a Shi‘i of Kurdish background.


The top official responsible for investigating crimes by members of the Da‘wah Party, which functioned as an agency of Iran and set off bombs inside Iraq during the 1980s and 1990s, the man who put an end to the sabotage wrecked by that party was himself Shi‘i – Security Colonel ‘Ali al-Khaqani, a native of the Shi‘i holy city of an-Najaf. This is something that no one, including Husayn ash-Shahrastani, can deny.


The Presidenccy of the Revolutionary Court specially formed to deal with the cases of plots was held by two Shi‘ah, namely Hadi ‘Ali Watut and Muslim al-Jabburi.


It was under the Baath that for the first time in the history of Iraq two Shi‘ah succeeded one another as Prime Minister of Iraq. They were Dr. Sa‘dun Hammadi and Muhammad Hamzah az-Zubaydi.


The man who held the post of Speaker of the National Assembly the longest was Shi‘i – Dr. Sa‘dun Hammadi.


The National Oil Company, which was responsible for the extraction and export of Iraqi oil was headed by four Shi‘i individuals who held the post for the longest time. They were: ‘Abd al-Amir al-Anbari, ‘Isam al-Chelebi (the cousin of Ahmad Chelebi), Fadil al-Chelebi (another cousin of Ahmad Chelebi) and Ramzi Salman.


More than 60 percent of the general directors of state companies in the military industries were Shi‘ah. More than 70 percent of the advanced engineering and technical cadres in the military industries were Shi‘ah.


The person to hold the post of Chairman of the Atomic Energy Organization in Iraq for the longest period was Shi‘i – Dr. ‘Abd ar-Razzaq al-Hashimi.


Most of the specialists and scientists in the Atomic Energy Organization were Shi‘i, among them Diya’ Ja‘far, Husayn Isma‘il al-Bahadili, and Husayn ash-Shahrastani.


The Deputy Chairman of the Military Industrial Board for Technical Affairs, Dr. Nizar al-Qusayr, the most important person on the Board because it was he who was in charge of all production development projects, was also Shi‘i.


More than 60 percent of the general directors in the Iraqi state sector and their technical and scientific cadres who held high official posts and positions in that sector were Shi‘i.


The person who held the position of general director in the Iraqi state sector the longest since the foundation of the state sector and until the US invasion was Shi‘i – namely Midhat al-Hashimi, the General Director of the Public Company for Automobiles.


All the general directors for the educational departments in the provinces in Iraq’s central and southern area were Shi‘i throughout the entire period of Baath Party rule.


More than 60 percent of Baath Party members were Shi‘i. The middle-ranking cadres in the Baath Party were more than 70 percent Shi‘i. They were the foundation of the Party’s organizational and formational structure, and it was they who undertook organizational and mass work in the Party.


During the time of the Iran-Iraq War the Commander of Iraqi Artillery was Staff Major General Hamid al-Ward, a Shi‘i. The Commander of the Armored Forces was Staff Major General Sabih ‘Umran at-Tarafah, a Shi‘i. The General Secretary of the Ministry of Defense – that is, the number-two man in the ministry after the Minister of Defense himself – was Staff Major General Sa‘d al-Maliki, a Shi‘i. Then later there was Staff Major General Jiyad al-Imarah, a Shi‘i. The Commander of the 3rd Division, Lieutenant General Sa‘di Tu‘mah al-Jabburi was a Shi‘i. The Director of Administration of Political Guidance was ‘Abd al-Jabbar Muhsin al-Lami, a Shi‘i. This is to say nothing of the large number of brigade generals, sectional commanders, army officers, and military advisers who were Shi‘i.


Ten men served as Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations during the period of Baath Party Rule. Of them, four were Shi‘i, namely:

1. Talib Shabib,

2. ‘Abd al-Amir al-Anbari – who held the post the longest and occupied the position twice.

3. Muhammad Sadiq al-Mashat,

4. Sa‘id al-Musawi.

The post of Permanent Representative of Iraq to the UN was held by one Kurd during the Baath Period – ‘Ismat Kattani – and by one Shi‘i of Kurdish origin – ‘Abd al-Karim ash-Shaykhli.

The Sunnis who held the post of Permanent Representative in the UN were:

1. ‘Adnan al-Bajah Ji,

2. Salah ‘Umar al-‘Ali,

3. Nizar Hamdun,

4. Muhammad ad-Duri.


The two Representatives of Iraq to UNESCO were both Shi‘i:

1. ‘Aziz al-Hajj, a Shi‘i of Kurdish origin, and

2. ‘Abd al-Amir al-Anbari, a Shi‘i.


The last editor-in-chief of the Baath Party’s official newspaper, ath-Thawrah, was Sami Mahdi, who is a Shi‘i of Iranian descent.


The Information Adviser to President Saddam Hussein was ‘Abd al-Jabbar Muhsin, a Shi‘i.


The main adviser to President Saddam Hussein for Baath Party affairs was Muhsin Radi Salman, a Shi‘i.


President Saddam Hussein’s aide throughout the 1970s, 1980s and until the beginning of the 1990s was Sabah Mirzah Mahmud, a Shi‘i of Kurdish background.


The criteria for nomination of a person to the post of general director or to a special position (such as the head of an institution, or a board, or an assistant minister, or an ambassador, or a minister) in the Iraqi state were competence, and specialization in the first place, loyalty to Iraq in the second place, good morals and lifestyle was third, and then came working in accordance with the ideals of the 17 July Revolution – the untarnished ideals of serving Iraq, its progress and advancement.


All the singers and songwriters who sang of the Baath Party and of love for the leader in the period of Baath Party rule were Shi‘ah.


All the popular poets who wrote long poems in honor of the Baath Party and the President in the period of Baath Party rule were Shi‘ah.

One of the most tragicomic features of the present time is the fact that those Baath Party members who turned against the Baath and threw themselves into the arms of the American CIA and collaborated with them in their aggression against Iraq and their occupation of the country were Shi‘ah, and it is they who today weep and wail about the “oppression” of the Shi‘ah in the time of the Baath in which they held positions. But those people are not true children of Iraq, whether they be Shi‘i or anything else. They are nothing but scum, a gang of hired stooges who promote the plans of the occupation for their petty aims.

Among them, for example, are:

Iyyad ‘Allawi, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Section,

Tahir al-Baka’, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Section,

Rasim al-‘Awwadi, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Branch,

Hazim ash-Sha‘lan, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Base,

Dawud al-Basri, a Shi‘i who writes in the newspapers was a high-ranking official in the Iraqi Embassy in Kuwait,

Zuhayr Kazim ‘Abbud, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Division,

Mundhir al-Fadl, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Division,

Brigadier General Sa‘d al-‘Ubaydi, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Section,

Falih Hassun ad-Darraji, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Section,

Hashim al-‘Aqqabi, a Shi‘i who was an active member of the Saddam Branch organizations,

Hasan al-‘Alawi, a Shi‘i who was a member of a Baath Party Division.

Amir al-Hilw, a journalist and general director in the Ministry of Information was a member of a Baath Party Division (the al-Muthanna Division, the area of Zayunah in Baghdad).

‘Abd al-Karim al-Muhammadawi, a Staff Sergeant who deserted from the Iraqi military, a Shi‘i who was a high-ranking aide in the organizations of the ar-Rafidayn military Section in the Baath Party Military Branch in Dhi Qar Province.


Before I conclude this little piece, I feel I must mention a few things that might perhaps be unknown to some people:

First, Dr. ‘Adnan ‘Aziz Jabiru who was a general director in the state. He is a Christian who was nominated to ministerial posts on several occasions, but emphatically rejected them because he preferred to stay in his position where he served the citizens. He was the boldest person I have ever known in my life in his frank confrontations with all officials and members of the leadership. He wasn’t a Baath Party member and he was no more than one meter tall.

Second, Dr. Umid Midhat Mubarak, a Kurd and an independent as far as political membership went, was a member of the National Assembly and as a physician he was a member of the social and health committee in the Assembly, whose task it was to evaluate the work and services of the Ministry of Health. In this capacity in one Assembly session, he spoke boldly and criticized the Minister for weakness in the Ministry’s services. At the time, the Minister of Health was Dr. Sadiq Hamid ‘Allush, a Member of the Command of the Central Committee of the Baath Party and a veteran Baathi. When that Minister was dismissed after those criticisms leveled by Dr. Umid Midhat Mubarak, a decree was issued naming Dr. Umid Midhat Mubarak counselor to the Presidency and then, later, Minister of Health. I don’t know what kind of “oppression” anybody can speak of there, unless they are stooges of the occupation and participants in its plans.

Third, for the first time in the history of the Iraqi state, the Governor of the Iraqi Central Bank was one of our Christian brothers, Mr. Subhi Farankul. That was during the period of Baath Party rule. He enjoyed unprecedented respect over all others who held that post for his high professionalism and great expertise. His position at the head of the bank was repeatedly extended, despite the fact that he had passed the legal age of retirement and despite his permanent desire to retire from work. The two deputy Bank Governors during that period were ‘Asim Muhammad Salih, a Shi‘i, and Usamah al-Chelebi, a Shi‘i (and one of Ahmad Chelebi’s cousins).

Fourth, the general directors and high officials in the Iraqi state were provided with a personal car from the state every two years, at the cost of its importation with no customs charges attached – a practice aimed at factilitating their work, that was instituted after the earlier policy of supplying government departments with their own cars was cancelled. Just like those top officials, the Shi‘i religious authorities of the al-Haydariyah, al-Husayniyah, al-‘Abbasiyah, and al-Kazimiyah religious centers were provided with their own cars on the same terms as were given to those high government officials. The same practice also extended to the major Shi‘i religious leaders in Karbala’, an-Najaf, Baghdad, and al-Basrah, and one of those to receive a car on such terms was ‘Ali as-Sistani. These Shi‘i religious figures also received the same financial perquisites given to those top government officials in order to allow them to spend more as needed during those difficult times of the embargo. I am a witness to the truth of this before God, and anyone else because that was my former official responsibility. I will remain a witness to the fact that orders were issued to give a Mercedes car to many of them from the Republican Palace transportation unit, and one of those who benefited from that was the late Muhammad Sadiq as-Sadr.

Fifth, I must mention one of the Iraqi military commanders, Staff Lieutenant General Yaljin ‘Umar ‘Adil, a Turcoman. For the first time in history a Turcoman was appointed commander of a division. He was one of the heroes of the war with Iran and commander of the 6th Division in the 1991 War. He then served as an aide to the Chief of Staff in the 1990s, despite all the wounds from which his body suffered for the sake of Iraq.

These are just a few bits of evidence to show that Iraq was a real state, and certainly not a regime based on religious sectarianism as the occupation forces and their stooges now claim in order to push their program for splitting up Iraq. I wished to set this down and to relate the story of a cousin, Colonel “A. M.”, whose house was seized by the Badr Brigade gang who claim to be Shi‘ah. They expelled him and his family from their home and they attacked his wife after they heard that he might be a member of the Iraqi Resistance. Even though he was of Shi‘i background, he is Iraqi before all else, and this is something that the stooges and the depraved cannot comprehend.


Muhammad al-Baghdadi.
http://www.albasrah.net,

14 Safar 1426 – 25 March 2005.

http://www.albasrah.net/maqalat_mukhtara/arabic/0305/m_baqdadi_250305.htm

versione stampabile | invia ad un amico | aggiungi un commento | apri un dibattito sul forum
comments
by comments Tuesday, Mar. 29, 2005 at 9:30 PM mail:

Can the Blind See?
by Layth on 29.03.2005 [11:35 ]

I doubt that these facts will have any effect on the blind sheep who sing praise to the Bush/Sharon war machine and accept its lies with open arms...

In-fact, most sheep can't even remember that the invasion was held under the pretext of WMD's...Now the reason to remain is so that Iraq does not fall into sectarien conflict!

The evildoers and their minions know themselves and in their hearts they know the extent of the crimes they have done...But do not depair...For justice cannot be escaped, even by death...It will catch up with them all.



I understand now
by eidenk on 29.03.2005 [14:12 ]

why they want to shut down Albasrah suddenly. But it's too late. This text is a bomb.



AXIS OF EVIL
by Neyaz on 29.03.2005 [14:44 ]

1-Saudi Arabia
2-Jordan
3-Egypt
yes in that order, Especially Jordan...if Jordan stay untouched by Uprising and Insurgents The Zionists can keep on nonstop, Jordan stability is very important to the Zionists actually the most important egg in the basket for the Zionists....



Note
by Spies_and_Traitors_will_be_Shot on 29.03.2005 [16:34 ]

this article comes from people from a Shia city. Al Basrah.



eidenk
by Spies_and_Traitors_will_be_Shot on 29.03.2005 [16:36 ]

You and i both know that Al Basrah isn't controlled, Look who translated this though... do you still not trust abu nasr?

Also please look at this

http://www.iraq-war.ru/tiki-read_article.php?articleId=44517



All on this site
by Spies_and_Traitors_will_be_Shot on 29.03.2005 [16:49 ]

Please try to spread this article as far and as wide as possible.

If you are on email rings, send it through them.

Post it on boards and forums.

If you have websites, upload it on there.

And if your an activist, leaflet it.

It's important.



So what if the Shi'ite were oppressed?
by Iranian-Shi'ite on 29.03.2005 [17:02 ]

Even if the Shi'ite were oppressed, that would not excuse being without unity now.

Whether or not the Shi'ite were oppressed in the past, what matters is what is happening now; and what is happening now requires cooperation.

The problem with an article like this is that a Zionist historian disguised as a Shi'ite could write another list of instances where Shi'ite were oppressed. Then, the argument would degrade into whether or not Shi'ite were oppressed or not, instead of the correct argument that despite whatever happened in the past, all of the Iraqi groups should be working together.

Even if the Iraqi Shi'ite were still being oppressed, that would not change the fact that the two groups should be working together against a major enemy bent on oppressing both of them.

I've seen sites (which I believe are Zionist in origin) that claim that Sunnis are being oppressed in Iran and then I see Iranian sites that present arguments that Sunnis are not being oppressed in Iran. The same is true of Shi'ite under the Taliban. Both of those distract from the more important issue of what we should do now.

Should we allow small differences to be magnified? Should we dwell on the past? Those could go into major arguments that benefit our enemies. Or would it be better to say that the past is the past; and even if we did committ injustices against each other, now is not the time to focus on them, but to concentrate on helping each other to face a greater enemy.

Imagine two brothers chopping wood, deep in the forest. Suddenly they become surrounded by wolves. Instead of raising their axes to help each other, they start to argue about whose fault it is that they are surrounded by wolves. Then they start to swing their axes at each other instead of the wolves. Meanwhile, the wolves sit back and laugh (figuratively) at the stupidity of the brothers who are making the wolves' job easier.

That is like us Muslims today. We are surrounded by wolves; but instead of helping each other, we start to argue about who burnt the dinner last night.





@Spies_and_Traitors_will_be_Shot
by eidenk on 29.03.2005 [17:56 ]

Do you really think I have failed to notice who was credited as a translator ?



@Iranian-Shi'ite
by eidenk on 29.03.2005 [18:19 ]

What matters in fact, I think, with this text, is that it is the final nail in Tony Blair's coffin as it pulverizes the last lies left standing, ie ; that the Baath regime was nothing more than a self serving gang of Saddam's relatives.

The omission of such easy to obtain data from the British government assesment of Iraq in 2002 forwarded to the Parliament amounts to deliberate management of misperception of the Iraq matter as a whole by the British Government.

This cannot be blamed on faulty intelligence at any rate.



Eidenk, I hope you're right
by Iranian-Shi'ite on 29.03.2005 [18:35 ]

but it seems to me that Blair and Bush are like wraiths and vampyres. They are not overcome by coffins. They keep rising to inflict horror after horror.



@wolves
by eidenk on 29.03.2005 [18:40 ]

And they laugh so much at some point that it becomes just a formality for the two brothers to axe them.

Tony Blair's been laughing so much since two years, now he is getting axed.

I don't want to shout victory too early but I think Blair could be finished by this document.



@vampires
by eidenk on 29.03.2005 [19:17 ]

The legend says silver bullets kills them but I believe pouring molten gold in their throats to be more efficient.



versione stampabile | invia ad un amico | aggiungi un commento | apri un dibattito sul forum
©opyright :: Independent Media Center
Tutti i materiali presenti sul sito sono distribuiti sotto Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0.
All content is under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 .
.: Disclaimer :.

Questo sito gira su SF-Active 0.9